A Breed of Cattle That Is Red With a White Face and Raised Primarily for Beef Production Is:

Scottish brood of rustic cattle

Highland Cattle

A Highland cow on Dartmoor in England
Conservation status	FAO (2007): not at risk[1] : 144 DAD-IS (2021): endangered[two] RBST:UK native breeds[iii]
Other names	Kyloe Long-haired Highland Cattle Long-haired Scottish Cattle North Highland Cattle Scottish Cattle Scottish Highland Cattle West Highland Cattle
Country of origin	Scotland
Distribution	worldwide
Standard	The Highland Cattle Society
Use	meat
Traits
Weight	Male: boilerplate: 650 kg[two] Female: average: 450 kg[2]
Acme	Male: average: 125 cm[2] Female: average: 105 cm[two]
Coat	ruby-brown yellow stake/silverish dun/brindle black
Horn status	horned in both sexes
Cattle Bos (primigenius) taurus

Two-month-erstwhile Highland cow

Highland cows with a black coat

The hair on Highland cattle gives protection during the common cold wintertime.

A Highland cow and calf in the snow in southeastern Saskatchewan.

Highland calves in pasture

The Highland (Scottish Gaelic: Bò Ghàidhealach; Scots: Hielan coo) is a Scottish breed of rustic cattle. It originated in the Scottish Highlands and the Outer Hebrides islands of Scotland and has long horns and a long shaggy glaze. It is a hardy breed, able to withstand the intemperate conditions in the region. The first herd-book dates from 1885; two types – a smaller isle type, usually blackness, and a larger mainland type, usually dun – were registered as a single brood. It is reared primarily for beef, and has been exported to several other countries.^[4]

History [edit]

Highland cattle, ca. 1890–1900.

Highland cattle descend from the Hamitic Longhorn, which were brought to Britain past Neolithic farmers in the second millennium BC, as the cattle migrated northwards through Africa and Europe.^[five] Highland cattle were historically of slap-up importance to the economy, with the cattle being raised for meat primarily and sold in England.^[6]

The 1885 herd book describes two distinct types of Highland cattle. I was the Due west Highland, or Kyloe, originating and living mostly in the Outer Hebrides, which had harsher atmospheric condition.^{[ commendation needed ]} These cattle tended to be smaller, to have black coats and, due to their more rugged environment, to have long hair.^{[seven] [viii]} These cattle were named due to the do of relocating them. The kyles are narrow straits of water, and the cattle were driven across them to get to market place.^[6]

The other blazon was the mainland; these tended to be larger because their pastures provided richer nutrients. They came in a range of colours, most frequently dun or scarlet.^[9] These types have now been crossbred so that in that location is no distinct departure.

Since the early 20th century, breeding stock has been exported to many parts of the world, especially Australia and North America.

Headshot of Highland cattle

It is estimated that there are now effectually 15,000 Highland cattle in the Great britain.^[8]

Scotland [edit]

Originally, small-scale farmers kept Highlands equally house cows to produce milk and for meat.^[ten] The Highland cattle registry ("herd book") was established in 1885. Although a group of cattle is generally called a herd, a group of Highland cattle is known as a "fold". This is because in winter, the cattle were kept in open shelters made of stone called folds to protect them from the weather at dark.^[11] They were likewise known as kyloes in Scots.^[12]

In 1954, Queen Elizabeth ordered Highland cattle to be kept at Balmoral Castle where they are however kept today.^{[thirteen] [fourteen]}

Australia [edit]

Highland cattle were get-go imported into Australia past the mid-19th century by Scottish migrants such as Chieftain Aeneas Ronaldson MacDonell of Glengarry, Scotland. Arriving in Port Albert, Victoria, in 1841 with his association, they plain drove their Highland cattle to a farm at Greenmount, on the Tarra River, preceded by a piper. Samuel Amess, also from Scotland, who made a fortune in the Victorian goldfields and became Mayor of Melbourne in 1869, kept a small fold of black Highland cattle on Churchill Island. They were seen and survived in Port Victoria during the late 1800s, but other folds were believed to accept died out in areas such as New South Wales. In 1988 the Australian Highland Cattle Society was formed. Since then, numbers have been growing and semen is being exported to New Zealand to establish the breed there.

Canada [edit]

Highland cattle were get-go imported into Canada in the 1880s. The Hon. Donald A. Smith, Lord Strathcona of Winnipeg, Manitoba, and Robert Campbell of Strathclair, Manitoba, imported one bull each. There were also Highland cattle in Nova Scotia in the 1880s.^[15] Nevertheless, their numbers were minor until the 1920s when big-scale convenance and importing began.^[16] In the 1950s cattle were imported from and exported to North America. The Canadian Highland Cattle Society was officially registered in 1964 and currently registers all purebred cattle in Canada.^[17] Towards the end of the 1990s, in that location was a large semen and embryo trade between the U.k. and Canada. Notwithstanding that has stopped, largely due to the BSE (mad cow affliction) outbreaks in the Uk. Today, Highland cattle are mainly found in eastern Canada.^[eighteen] The population of Highland cattle for Canada and the United states of america combined is estimated at xi,000.^[8]

Denmark [edit]

The Danish Highland Cattle Social club was established in 1987 to promote the best practices for the breeding and care of Highland cattle and to promote the introduction of the breed into Denmark.^[19]

Finland [edit]

The Highland Cattle Social club of Republic of finland was founded in 1997. Their studbooks evidence importation of Highland cattle breeding stock to Finland, dating dorsum to 1884. The Finnish society states that in 2016, there were xiii,000 Highland cattle in Finland.^[xx]

United states of america [edit]

The first record of Highland cattle being imported to the U.s.a. was in the tardily 1890s.^[21] The American Highland Cattle Clan was commencement organised in 1948 as the American Scotch Highland Breeders Clan, and at present claims approximately 1100 members.^[22] There are at present eight regional Highland cattle associations in the U.South. also.

Characteristics [edit]

They have long, broad horns and long, wavy, woolly coats. The usual coat colour is reddish brown, seen in approximately 60% of the population; some 22% are yellow, and the remainder pale silver, black or brindle/dun.^{[23] : 200} The coat colours are acquired by alleles at the MC1R gene (E locus) and the PMEL or SILV gene (D locus).^[24]

They take an unusual double coat of hair. On the exterior is the oily outer hair—the longest of any cattle breed, roofing a downy undercoat.^[25] This makes them well suited to conditions in the Highlands, which accept a loftier annual rainfall and sometimes very strong winds.^[26]

Their skill in foraging for food allows them to survive in steep mountain areas where they both graze and eat plants that many other cattle avoid. They can dig through the snow with their horns to find buried plants.^[27]

Mature bulls tin can weigh up to 800 kilograms (ane,800 pounds) and heifers can counterbalance upwardly to 500 kilograms (1,100 pounds). Cows typically have a superlative of xc–106 centimetres (iii–3.v ft), and bulls are typically in the range of 106–120 centimetres (three.5–4 ft).^{[ commendation needed ]} Mating occurs throughout the twelvemonth with a gestation period of approximately 277–290 days. Most normally a single calf is born, but twins are not unknown. Sexual maturity is reached at about 18 months. Highland cattle also take a longer expected lifespan than most other breeds of cattle, up to 20 years.^[28]

Cold tolerance [edit]

All European cattle cope relatively well with low temperatures but Highland cattle have been described as "virtually equally cold-tolerant as the arctic-home caribou and reindeer".^[29] Conversely due to their thick coats they are much less tolerant of heat than zebu cattle, which originated in South asia and are adjusted for hot climates.^[30] Highland cattle take been successfully established in countries where winters are substantially colder than Scotland such as Norway and Canada.^[31]

[edit]

A fold of semi-wild Highland cattle was studied over a period of 4 years. It was plant that the cattle have a articulate structure and hierarchy of say-so, which reduces aggression. Social continuing depends on age and sexual activity, with older cattle being dominant to calves and younger ones, and males dominant to females. Young bulls will boss developed cows when they reached around 2 years of age. Calves from the top ranking moo-cow were given college social condition, despite minimal intervention from their mother. Playfighting, licking and mounting were seen as friendly contact.^{[32] [33]}

Breeding occurred in May and June, with heifers first giving birth at ii–3 years former.^[32]

Highland cattle bull, moo-cow and dogie on mount Secëda in Val Gardena, northern Italy

• Caput
  • Proportionate to body
  • Wide between eyes
  • Must naturally have horns,^[10] but may be trimmed in commercial rearing
• Neck
  • Clear, without dewlap
  • Straight line to body
• Dorsum and body
  • The back must exist rounded
  • The quarters must be wider than the hips
  • The legs must be brusque and straight
• Hair
  • The hair must be straight and waved

Sources: Highland Cattle Society,^[4]

Employ [edit]

The meat of Highland cattle tends to exist leaner than virtually beef because Highlands are largely insulated past their thick, shaggy hair rather than by subcutaneous fat. Highland cattle can produce beefiness at a reasonable profit from country that would otherwise ordinarily exist unsuitable for agriculture. The most profitable style to produce Highland beefiness is on poor pasture in their native state, the Highlands of Scotland.^{[nine] [34]} The meat is also gaining popularity in Due north America as the beef is low in cholesterol.^[27]

Commercial success [edit]

The beef from Highland cattle is very tender, but the market place for loftier-quality meat has declined. To address this refuse, it is mutual practise to breed Highland "suckler" cows with a more than favourable breed such as a Shorthorn or Limousin bull. This allows the Highland cattle to produce a crossbred beefiness dogie that has the tender beefiness of its mother on a carcass shape of more commercial value at slaughter.^[35] These crossbred beef suckler cows inherit the hardiness, thrift and mothering capabilities of their Highland dams and the improved carcass configuration of their sires. Such crossbred sucklers can be further crossbred with a modern beefiness bull such as a Limousin or Charolais to produce loftier quality beef.^[12]

Showing [edit]

For show purposes, Highland cattle are sometimes clean-cut with oils and conditioners to requite their coats a fluffy appearance that is more apparent in calves; it leads some outside the industry to telephone call them "fluffy cows".^[36] Many besides call the cows "hairy cows" due to their thick coats.^{[27] [37]}

Encounter also [edit]

• List of domesticated Scottish breeds

References [edit]

1. ^ Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Brute Genetic Resources, addendum to The State of the Earth's Creature Genetic Resource for Food and Agronomics. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Nutrient and Agronomics Organization of the Un. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.
2. ^ ^{a b c d e} Breed information canvas: Highland / United Kingdom of Dandy Uk and Northern Republic of ireland (Cattle). Domestic Animal Variety Data Organization of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed December 2021.
3. ^ Watchlist overview. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Accessed Dec 2021.
4. ^ ^{a b} "Highland Cattle Gild breed standard". Highlandcattlesociety.com. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
5. ^ Bakery, J.R.; Muller, R (1982). Advances in Parasitology. Academic Press. p. 5. ISBN978-0-08-058067-viii – via Google Books.
6. ^ ^{a b} Dohner, Janet Vorwald (2001). The Encyclopedia of Celebrated and Endangered Livestock and Poultry Breeds. Yale Academy Press. pp. 243–five. ISBN978-0-300-13813-nine.
7. ^ James Wilson (1909), "ch. VIII The Colours of Highland Cattle", The Scientific Proceedings of the Regal Dublin Society, Royal Dublin Society
8. ^ ^{a b c} "Highland cattle – Mother Earth News". Mother Earth News. p. 4. Retrieved xxx May 2015.
9. ^ ^{a b} "Highland Cattle Us – The Breed". Retrieved 11 September 2015.
10. ^ ^{a b} "NWHCA Highland cattle". Northwest Highland Cattle Association. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
11. ^ "Smallholder Series – Cattle Breeds". Retrieved 13 June 2015.
12. ^ ^{a b} "Highland Cattle Society; the brood". The Highland Cattle Lodge. Retrieved xiii June 2016.
13. ^ "Highland Cattle at Balmoral Castle". Retrieved 7 June 2015.
14. ^ "Queen to constitute Highland Cattle fold". Glasgow Herald. 25 February 1954. Retrieved 11 September 2015 – via Google Books.
15. ^ "Livestock Conservancy – Highland cattle". Retrieved 4 August 2015.
16. ^ "Highland Cattle history in Canada". Canadian Highland Cattle Order. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
17. ^ "Canadian Highland Cattle Society". Retrieved 28 May 2015.
18. ^ "Highland Cattle World – Canada". Highland Cattle World . Retrieved 28 May 2015.
19. ^ "Danish Highland Cattle Society Nearly". highland-cattle.dk . Retrieved iv December 2016.
20. ^ "SHCC ry". Suomen Highland Cattle Club ry. (in Finnish). Retrieved four September 2016.
21. ^ "American Highland Cattle Breed History". Retrieved 7 February 2018.
22. ^ "American Highland Cattle Association History". Retrieved vii February 2018.
23. ^ Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.One thousand. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Stonemason's Globe Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
24. ^ Schmutz, S. M.; Dreger, D. 50. (2013). "Interaction of MC1R and PMEL alleles on solid glaze colors in Highland cattle". Anim Genet. 44 (1): 9–xiii. doi:ten.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02361.10. PMID 22524257.
25. ^ "Highland Cattle in Alberta". The Alberta Beef Magazine. April 2006.
26. ^ "Highland cattle – Britannic Rare Breeds". Retrieved 11 September 2015.
27. ^ ^{a b c} "Highland cattle and their landscape". A to Z Animals. Retrieved xiii June 2016.
28. ^ "Highland Cattle – Ocean World". seaworld.org . Retrieved 22 June 2015.
29. ^ Campbell, John R; Douglas Kenealy, 1000.; Campbell, Karen Fifty. (2009). Animate being Sciences: The Biology, Intendance, and Production of Domestic Animals (4th ed.). Waveland Press. p. 299. ISBN978-one-4786-0821-9.
30. ^ Serif, S. Chiliad.; Johnson, H. D.; Lippincott, A. C. (March 1979). "The effects of rut exposure (31 °C) on zebu and Scottish Highland cattle". International Journal of Biometeorology. 23 (1): nine–fourteen. Bibcode:1979IJBm...23....9S. doi:10.1007/BF01553372. PMID 500248. S2CID 33123426.
31. ^ Porter, Valerie; Alderson, Lawrence; Hall, Stephen J. G.; Sponenberg, Phillip (2016). Bricklayer's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding. CAB International. p. 200. ISBN978-1-84593-466-8.
32. ^ ^{a b} Reinhardt, Catherine; et al. (28 February 1985). "Social behaviour and reproductive performance in semi-wild Scottish Highland cattle". Applied Animate being Behaviour Scientific discipline. 15 (2): 125–136. doi:ten.1016/0168-1591(86)90058-4. Retrieved 26 Baronial 2015.
33. ^ Clutton-Brock, T. H.; Greenwood, P. J.; Powell, R. P. (1976). "Ranks and Relationships in Highland Ponies and Highland Cows". Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie. 41 (two): 206–216. doi:ten.1111/j.1439-0310.1976.tb00477.x. PMID 961125.
34. ^ "North East Highland Cattle – Almost the Breed" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
35. ^ "Highland cattle suckler beef". The British Charolais Cattle Gild. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
36. ^ "Fluffy cows: Sometime Beauty practice gains attention". Associated Press. Retrieved xiii June 2016.
37. ^ "Clan MacGregor – Highland cattle information". Clan MacGregor . Retrieved 6 September 2015.

Further reading [edit]

• James Wilson (1909), "ch. Eight The Colours of Highland Cattle", The Scientific Proceedings of the Majestic Dublin Society, Royal Dublin Society
• Schmutz, Southward. Yard.; Dreger, D. L. (2013). "Interaction of MC1R and SILV alleles on solid coat colors in Highland Cattle". Animal Genetics. 44 (ane): nine–13. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02361.x. PMID 22524257.
• Reinhardt, Catherine; et al. (1986). "Social behaviour and reproductive operation in semi-wild Scottish Highland cattle". Practical Brute Behaviour Science. 15 (2): 125–136. doi:10.1016/0168-1591(86)90058-4.
• Clutton-Brock, T. H.; Greenwood, P. J.; Powell, R. P. (1976). "Ranks and Relationships in Highland Ponies and Highland Cows". Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie. 41 (ii): 202–216. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1976.tb00477.ten. PMID 961125.

ruizstichery.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland_cattle

Share this post